.nef

What is a .nef file?

NEF is Nikon's proprietary RAW image format — unprocessed sensor data with 12-bit or 14-bit colour depth.

Safe format
Type Image
By Nikon
MIME image/x-nikon-nef

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What is it

You shot photos with a Nikon camera and the files are .nef. This is Nikon's proprietary RAW format (Nikon Electronic Format) — unprocessed sensor data at 12-bit or 14-bit depth, preserving the full dynamic range and colour information for professional post-production.

NEF files store the raw sensor readings before any in-camera processing (white balance, sharpening, noise reduction). This gives you complete control in editing software — recover blown highlights, pull detail from deep shadows, and adjust colour temperature with precision that's impossible with JPG. Nikon includes embedded JPG previews for quick viewing. File sizes range from 15-60 MB depending on the camera sensor and compression settings.

Adobe Lightroom (subscription) handles NEF from all Nikon cameras. Nikon NX Studio (free, Nikon's own editor) supports all NEF files with Nikon-specific adjustments. Darktable and RawTherapee are both free, open-source alternatives with excellent NEF support. For sharing photos, export to JPG from your editing software.

Technical details
Full Name
Nikon Electronic Format
MIME Type
image/x-nikon-nef
Developer
Nikon
Magic Bytes
4D 4D 00 2A
Safety
.nef is a known, safe format.
What opens it
Adobe Lightroom
Subscription All
Nikon NX Studio
FREE Windows / macOS
darktable
FREE All
RawTherapee
FREE All
FAQ
How do I open NEF files for free?
Nikon NX Studio (free from Nikon) opens all NEF files. Darktable and RawTherapee are both free, open-source RAW editors with NEF support. Windows may need the Nikon NEF codec for thumbnail previews in Explorer.
Should I shoot NEF or JPG?
NEF (RAW) for maximum editing flexibility. JPG for convenience and smaller files. Many photographers shoot RAW+JPG — RAW for keepers they'll edit, JPG for quick sharing. If you only want to pick one, shoot RAW.
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