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You shot photos with a Canon DSLR and the files are .cr2. This is Canon's RAW format for most cameras released between 2004 and 2018 — unprocessed sensor data that gives photographers full control over exposure, white balance, and colour in post-production. Newer Canon cameras use CR3 instead.
CR2 files are based on the TIFF format with Canon-specific extensions. Each file stores the raw sensor readings at 12-bit or 14-bit depth, preserving detail that JPG compression would discard. A typical CR2 file is 20-30 MB for APS-C sensors and 40-60 MB for full-frame. Canon includes a small JPG preview inside each CR2 for quick viewing, which is what your OS shows as a thumbnail.
Adobe Lightroom (subscription) is the industry standard for CR2 processing. Canon's Digital Photo Professional (free, included with Canon cameras) handles all CR2 files. Darktable and RawTherapee are both free, open-source alternatives. For sharing photos, export from your RAW editor to JPG — CR2 is the editing master, not the delivery format.