.doc

What is a .doc file?

DOC is the legacy Microsoft Word format — a proprietary binary format from before 2007, now superseded by DOCX.

Safe format
Type Document
By Microsoft
MIME application/msword

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What is it

You received a .doc file — the old Microsoft Word format that ruled office computing from 1983 to 2007. It's a proprietary binary format that Word could always read perfectly and everything else could only approximate. If you're still getting .doc files, they're either very old documents or from someone who hasn't updated their software in fifteen years.

The .doc format stored text, formatting, images, and macros in a complex binary structure called OLE2 (Object Linking and Embedding). Microsoft never published a full specification during its heyday, which made interoperability an exercise in reverse engineering. LibreOffice, Google Docs, and other tools handle .doc files, but complex formatting — especially tables, text boxes, and embedded objects — may shift or break.

Microsoft Word opens .doc files perfectly and can convert them to .docx (File → Save As). Google Docs imports .doc files with reasonable fidelity. LibreOffice Writer handles most .doc files well. If you receive a .doc file, consider converting it to .docx for better compatibility and smaller file sizes — DOCX is the modern standard.

Technical details
Full Name
Microsoft Word Document (Legacy)
MIME Type
application/msword
Developer
Microsoft
Magic Bytes
D0 CF 11 E0
Safety
.doc is a known, safe format.
What opens it
Microsoft Word
Subscription All
Google Docs
FREE Web
LibreOffice Writer
FREE All
FAQ
Why can't I open a .doc file properly?
The .doc format is a proprietary binary that only Microsoft Word reads with 100% fidelity. Google Docs and LibreOffice handle most .doc files, but complex formatting may shift. For best results, open in Word and save as .docx.
Should I still use .doc format?
No. Save as .docx instead. DOCX is an open XML format with better compatibility, smaller file sizes, and support in virtually every word processor. The only reason to keep .doc is if you need to support software from before 2007.
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