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You have an .rtf file — Rich Text Format. It's the diplomatic format of word processing: basic enough to work everywhere, rich enough to include bold, italic, fonts, colours, tables, and images. RTF was Microsoft's attempt at a universal interchange format for formatted text, and it largely succeeded.
Microsoft developed RTF in 1987, and its key feature is that the file is human-readable ASCII underneath (open one in a text editor and you'll see markup like `{\b bold text}`). It's not as capable as DOCX — no track changes, limited table formatting, no comments — but virtually every word processor on every operating system can open it. RTF was the default format for WordPad, the lightweight editor included with every Windows installation.
TextEdit (macOS), WordPad (Windows), and every word processor opens RTF. Google Docs imports RTF files. For sharing formatted text when you can't assume what software the recipient has, RTF is a safe choice — more formatting than TXT, more compatibility than DOCX. For anything beyond basic formatting, use DOCX or PDF.