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XCF is to GIMP what PSD is to Photoshop — the native working format that preserves everything. Layers, layer masks, channels, paths, text objects, colour profiles, parasites (GIMP's term for metadata), and the complete undo history can all live in an XCF file. If you close GIMP and reopen the file, you're exactly where you left off.
The format is not designed for sharing or final output. No web browser, no social media platform, and very few applications outside GIMP understand XCF. It exists purely as a working format — save your work-in-progress as XCF, export your final output as PNG, JPG, or TIFF.
GIMP opens XCF natively (obviously). For viewing without GIMP, XnView and IrfanView can display a flattened preview. Converting to PSD for Photoshop users is possible through GIMP (File → Export As → .psd), but complex features may not translate perfectly — layer groups, certain blend modes, and GIMP-specific features have imperfect PSD equivalents.