.psd

What is a .psd file?

PSD is Adobe Photoshop's native file format — layers, masks, adjustments, and smart objects preserved in a single editable container.

Safe format
Type Image
By Adobe
MIME image/vnd.adobe.photoshop

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What is it

Someone sent you a .psd file and you don't have Photoshop. Welcome to the $660-per-year paywall of modern graphic design. PSD is the format designers live in — every layer, every mask, every adjustment, every smart object and vector path, all preserved in a single file that Photoshop reads perfectly and everything else reads with caveats.

PSD files are large because they store the complete editing state of an image — not just what you see, but every decision that led to it. A final poster might be 10 MB as a JPG but 500 MB as a PSD because it contains forty layers, twelve adjustment layers, and a dozen linked smart objects. This is the point. PSD is an editable master file, not a delivery format. You work in PSD, you deliver in JPG, PNG, or PDF.

Affinity Photo ($70, one-time purchase) opens PSD files with impressive fidelity and is the best value alternative to Photoshop. GIMP (free) tries — it handles basic layers but struggles with advanced features. Photopea (free, web-based) is genuinely impressive for a browser tab. For just viewing a PSD without editing, most modern OS image viewers can render a flattened preview.

Technical details
Full Name
Adobe Photoshop Document
MIME Type
image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Developer
Adobe
Magic Bytes
38 42 50 53
Safety
.psd is a known, safe format.
What opens it
Adobe Photoshop
Subscription All
Affinity Photo
$70 All
GIMP
FREE All
Photopea
FREE Web

* Limited layer support

FAQ
How do I open a PSD without Photoshop?
Affinity Photo ($70 one-time) opens PSDs with good layer support. GIMP (free) handles basic PSDs. Photopea (free, web-based) is the quickest option for viewing.
How do I convert a PSD to PNG or JPG?
Open the PSD in Photopea (free, web-based) and export as PNG or JPG via File > Export As. GIMP can also open a PSD and export to either format. On macOS, Preview can open simple PSDs and export directly.
What is the difference between PSD and AI?
PSD is Photoshop's raster format — it works with pixels, layers, and photo editing. AI is Illustrator's vector format — it works with mathematical paths that scale infinitely. Use PSD for photos and textures, AI for logos and illustrations.
Are there free PSD editors?
Photopea (web-based) is the best free PSD editor with full layer support. GIMP (desktop, free) handles basic PSD editing but struggles with advanced features like smart objects and adjustment layers. Krita (free) can open PSDs for painting workflows.
Learn more about .psd
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