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A .pub file is the public half of an asymmetric key pair. In SSH, it's the key you add to `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` on servers you want to access. In GPG, it's the key you share so others can encrypt messages to you. The public key is, by design, safe to share with anyone — it's the lock, not the key.
SSH public keys are a single line of text: the algorithm (ssh-rsa, ssh-ed25519), the key data in Base64, and an optional comment (usually your email). The corresponding private key lives in a file without the .pub extension (e.g., `id_ed25519` and `id_ed25519.pub`). Never share the file without .pub.
To generate an SSH key pair: `ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "[email protected]"`. This creates both the private key and the .pub file. Copy the .pub content to GitHub (Settings → SSH Keys), your server's authorized_keys, or wherever you need passwordless authentication.