.dsf

What is a .dsf file?

DSF is an ultra-high-resolution audio format using 1-bit DSD encoding at sample rates up to 22.5 MHz.

Safe format
Type Audio
By Sony / Philips
MIME audio/x-dsf

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What is it

DSF stores Direct Stream Digital audio — the encoding format used on Super Audio CDs (SACDs). Instead of the multi-bit PCM samples used by WAV and FLAC, DSD uses a single bit sampled at extremely high rates: 2.8 MHz (DSD64), 5.6 MHz (DSD128), or even 11.2 MHz (DSD256). The theory is that this 1-bit approach captures audio with a naturalness that PCM can't match.

The audiophile community is deeply divided on whether DSD actually sounds better than high-resolution PCM. Proponents swear by its analogue-like quality. Sceptics point out that most "DSD" releases are converted from PCM masters anyway. What's not debatable: DSD files are enormous. A DSD128 album easily exceeds 4 GB.

DSF files require a DAC (digital-to-analogue converter) that supports DSD playback — either native DSD or DoP (DSD over PCM). Foobar2000 with the SACD plugin, Audirvana, and Roon all handle DSF. For software that doesn't support DSD, convert to high-res FLAC (24-bit/96kHz or 192kHz) using tools like dBpoweramp.

Technical details
Full Name
DSD Stream File
MIME Type
audio/x-dsf
Developer
Sony / Philips
Magic Bytes
44 53 44 20
Safety
.dsf is a known, safe format. Audio data only. No executable content.
What opens it
foobar2000 (+ SACD plugin)
FREE Windows
Audirvana
$109 Mac / Windows
VLC
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
FAQ
Is DSD better than FLAC?
That's the subject of endless audiophile debate. DSD uses a fundamentally different encoding approach (1-bit, very high sample rate) compared to PCM-based FLAC. Whether the difference is audible depends on the recording, the DAC, and arguably the listener.
What do I need to play DSF files?
A DSD-capable DAC and software that supports it. Foobar2000 (with the SACD plugin), Audirvana, Roon, and JRiver all handle DSF. VLC can play it but may convert to PCM internally.
Related formats