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The .db extension is frustratingly ambiguous. It could be a SQLite database (the most common case today), a Berkeley DB file, a Windows Thumbs.db thumbnail cache, a mobile app database, or something else entirely. The extension doesn't tell you — you need to inspect the file's magic bytes or try opening it.
In modern usage, .db files are overwhelmingly SQLite databases. Android stores app data in .db files (SQLite). iOS does the same. Desktop applications from browsers (Firefox's places.db) to messaging apps use SQLite with a .db extension. If you've found a .db file on a phone or in an application's data directory, try SQLite first.
DB Browser for SQLite is the first tool to try. If the file opens, it's SQLite. If it doesn't, the file utility (`file database.db` on Mac/Linux) can often identify the format. Berkeley DB files require the `db_dump` utility. Other formats may require their specific applications.