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You have an SQL file. It's either a database backup, a migration script, a schema definition, or seed data for a development environment. The file itself is plain text containing Structured Query Language statements — instructions that create tables, insert data, define relationships, and query results.
A single SQL file can contain an entire database: tables, indexes, constraints, stored procedures, and data. Tools like mysqldump and pg_dump export complete databases as SQL files that can recreate the entire structure from scratch. This makes SQL files the standard format for database backups, version-controlled migrations, and sharing schemas between developers. The file is harmless text until you execute it against a database — at which point a `DROP TABLE` in the wrong place can ruin your afternoon.
Any text editor opens SQL files. DBeaver (free) and MySQL Workbench (free) provide syntax highlighting and direct execution against a database connection. VS Code with the SQL extension handles highlighting and formatting. Never execute an SQL file you haven't read first — especially if it came from an external source. The commands inside run with whatever permissions your database user has.