.vmdk

What is a .vmdk file?

VMDK is VMware's virtual hard disk format — a file that acts as a complete hard drive for virtual machines.

Safe format
Type System
By VMware
MIME application/x-vmdk

Drop any file to identify it

No upload. No signup. No sending your file halfway across the internet.
We tell you what it is, right here in your browser.

What is it

A VMDK file is a virtual hard drive. It contains everything a physical hard drive would: boot sectors, partitions, file systems, and data. VMware virtual machines use VMDK files as their storage — from the VM's perspective, the VMDK is an actual hard drive. From the host's perspective, it's just a file.

The format supports thin provisioning (the file grows as data is written, not pre-allocated), snapshots (point-in-time copies for backup/rollback), and split files (multiple 2 GB chunks for FAT32 compatibility). A typical VMDK starts small and grows up to its configured maximum size.

VMware Workstation, VMware Fusion, and ESXi use VMDK natively. VirtualBox can also import VMDK files. QEMU's `qemu-img` converts between VMDK and other virtual disk formats (VDI, QCOW2, VHD). For forensics and data recovery, VMDK files can be mounted as regular drives using VMware's vmware-mount tool or OSFMount (free).

Technical details
Full Name
VMware Virtual Disk
MIME Type
application/x-vmdk
Developer
VMware
Magic Bytes
N/A
Safety
.vmdk is a known, safe format. Virtual disk image. Contains a complete filesystem. Contents could include anything — treat like an unknown hard drive.
What opens it
VMware Workstation / Fusion
PAID Windows / Mac / Linux
VirtualBox
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
QEMU
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
FAQ
Can I convert VMDK to VDI or VHD?
Yes. QEMU's qemu-img converts between formats: `qemu-img convert -O vdi input.vmdk output.vdi`. VirtualBox can also clone VMDK to VDI during import.
How do I mount a VMDK to access its files?
VMware's vmware-mount or OSFMount (Windows, free) can mount VMDK as a drive letter. On Linux, `qemu-nbd` with `nbd` kernel module mounts VMDK files.
Related formats