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VHD is Microsoft's virtual hard disk format, originally developed for Connectix Virtual PC and now integral to Hyper-V and Windows deployment. Windows 10/11 can mount VHD files natively — double-click one and it appears as a new drive letter. This makes VHD useful beyond virtualisation: portable storage, disk imaging, and Windows deployment all use VHD.
The format supports dynamic and fixed-size disks up to 2 TB. VHDX (its successor) increases the limit to 64 TB and adds better protection against corruption. Hyper-V, VirtualBox, and QEMU all handle VHD files. Windows Backup creates system images as VHD.
Windows Disk Management creates, mounts, and manages VHD files natively. PowerShell offers programmatic access. For cross-platform use, QEMU converts VHD to other formats. The format's native Windows integration makes it particularly convenient for Windows-centric workflows.