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SKP is the native file format for SketchUp, the 3D modelling tool that made architectural visualisation accessible to people who aren't CAD engineers. Originally developed by @Last Software, acquired by Google in 2006, then sold to Trimble in 2012, SketchUp has had more owners than some of the buildings modelled in it.
The format stores 3D geometry as edges and faces (not NURBS — SketchUp is a polygon modeller), plus components, groups, materials, textures, scenes, and section planes. It supports layers, tags, and geolocation data. The file is binary and proprietary, though Trimble publishes a C API and SDK for reading and writing SKP files programmatically.
SKP's sweet spot is architectural concept modelling, interior design, woodworking plans, and urban planning. It's not a precision engineering format — you won't machine parts from it — but for quickly sketching a building or laying out a kitchen, nothing else comes close to SketchUp's push-pull simplicity.