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A .reg file is a plain text script that adds, modifies, or deletes entries in the Windows Registry — the central database of system and application settings. Double-clicking a .reg file prompts to merge it into the registry. This makes reg files powerful but dangerous: a malicious .reg file can disable security features, change system behaviour, or prepare the system for further exploitation.
The format is simple: registry paths in square brackets, followed by value names, types, and data. `Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00` is the required header. Registry Editor (`regedit.exe`) can export settings as .reg files for backup or sharing. System administrators use .reg files for deploying consistent settings across machines.
Never double-click a .reg file from an untrusted source. Always open it in a text editor first to review the changes. Look for suspicious entries modifying security settings, startup programs, or firewall rules. The Windows Registry is powerful but fragile — incorrect modifications can prevent Windows from booting.