.plist

What is a .plist file?

Plist is Apple's configuration and data storage format — found everywhere in macOS, iOS, and Apple's developer ecosystem.

Safe format
Type Data
By Apple Inc.
MIME application/x-plist

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What is it

Property lists are Apple's universal serialisation format. Every macOS and iOS application stores its preferences in a .plist file. System settings, app configurations, launch agents, entitlements, Info.plist (every app's metadata), and countless internal Apple frameworks use plist for structured data storage.

The format comes in three flavours: XML plist (human-readable, editable in text editors), binary plist (compact, fast, unreadable), and JSON plist (rare). Most plists on disk are binary — Apple's tools convert between formats transparently. The `plutil` command (pre-installed on Mac) converts between formats: `plutil -convert xml1 file.plist` makes any plist readable.

On Mac, Xcode opens plists with a visual editor. Any text editor handles XML plists. For binary plists, `plutil` or PlistEdit Pro (paid) are the standard tools. On Windows and Linux, plist files are less common, but libraries exist in every language (Python's `plistlib`, Node's `plist` package) for reading them.

Technical details
Full Name
Property List
MIME Type
application/x-plist
Developer
Apple Inc.
Magic Bytes
N/A
Safety
.plist is a known, safe format. Configuration data file. No executable content, but modifying system plists can affect system behaviour.
What opens it
Xcode
FREE Mac
Any text editor (XML plists)
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
plutil (CLI)
FREE Mac (pre-installed)
FAQ
How do I read a binary plist?
On Mac: `plutil -convert xml1 file.plist` converts it to readable XML. Xcode's plist editor shows the contents visually. On other platforms, Python's `plistlib` module reads both binary and XML plists.
Where are plist files stored on Mac?
App preferences: ~/Library/Preferences/. System settings: /Library/Preferences/. App metadata: inside .app bundles at Contents/Info.plist. Launch agents: ~/Library/LaunchAgents/.
Related formats