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P7B (PKCS#7) is the format for distributing certificate chains. It contains one or more X.509 certificates — typically a server certificate plus its intermediate and root certificates — without any private keys. Certificate authorities often deliver certificate chains in P7B format.
The format serves a specific role in the certificate lifecycle: after your CA issues a certificate, they provide the certificate chain (your cert + intermediates) as a P7B file. You then extract the individual certificates and configure them on your server alongside your private key (which never leaves your server).
Windows and IIS work with P7B natively. For Apache, Nginx, and other servers that expect PEM format, convert with: `openssl pkcs7 -in chain.p7b -print_certs -out chain.pem`. The P7B format is less common than PEM for general certificate distribution, but you'll encounter it from Windows-based CAs and Microsoft server environments.