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Lua is the scripting language that hides inside everything. Roblox runs on Lua. World of Warcraft addons are Lua. Nginx configs use Lua. Redis scripting is Lua. Neovim's configuration is Lua. The language is deliberately tiny — the entire interpreter is about 250 KB — which makes it trivially embeddable in any application that needs a scripting layer.
The language itself is minimalist: tables (the only data structure), functions as first-class values, coroutines, and not much else. This simplicity is the point. Lua doesn't try to be a general-purpose language — it tries to be the best possible language for embedding inside another program. The C API is elegant and battle-tested.
Lua scripts are plain text. Any text editor works. VS Code with Lua extensions provides syntax highlighting and linting. For Roblox development, Roblox Studio is the dedicated IDE. For Neovim configuration, the script runs in the editor itself. For standalone scripts, install the Lua interpreter (`brew install lua`, `apt install lua5.4`) and run with `lua script.lua`.