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JKS is Java's answer to "where do I keep my certificates?" It's a password-protected binary file that stores multiple certificates and private keys, each identified by an alias. Java application servers (Tomcat, JBoss, WebSphere), Android apps, and any JVM-based service that needs TLS typically uses a JKS file.
The keytool command (included with every JDK) manages JKS files: creating keystores, importing certificates, generating key pairs, and listing contents. The command syntax is verbose (`keytool -list -v -keystore server.jks -storepass changeit`) but reliable. Every Java developer has typed these commands at some point.
JKS is being superseded by PKCS#12 (.p12) as the default keystore format in newer Java versions. Java 9+ uses PKCS#12 by default for new keystores. For existing JKS files, conversion is straightforward: `keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore old.jks -destkeystore new.p12 -deststoretype PKCS12`.