.jar

What is a .jar file?

A JAR is a ZIP file containing compiled Java classes and resources — the standard distribution format for Java applications.

Use caution
Type Archive
By Sun Microsystems (now Oracle)
MIME application/java-archive

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What is it

A JAR file is just a ZIP file with Java inside. It bundles compiled .class files, resources (images, configs), and a manifest file (META-INF/MANIFEST.MF) into a single distributable archive. When someone says "download the JAR," they mean a self-contained Java package you can run or include as a library.

Executable JARs contain a Main-Class declaration in their manifest — run them with `java -jar app.jar`. Library JARs are added to a project's classpath so their classes are available for import. Maven Central, the world's largest Java package repository, distributes millions of JARs. If you've used any Java software, you've indirectly used thousands of JAR files.

Since JARs are ZIP files, you can rename .jar to .zip and extract with any archive tool to inspect the contents. Build tools (Maven, Gradle) manage JAR dependencies automatically. For deployment, "fat JARs" or "uber JARs" bundle an application with all its dependencies into a single executable JAR.

Technical details
Full Name
Java Archive
MIME Type
application/java-archive
Developer
Sun Microsystems (now Oracle)
Magic Bytes
50 4B 03 04
Safety
.jar requires caution. JAR files contain executable Java code. Only run JARs from trusted sources. Verify digital signatures when available.
What opens it
java -jar (CLI)
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
7-Zip (to inspect)
FREE Windows
IntelliJ IDEA
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
FAQ
How do I run a JAR file?
Install Java (JRE or JDK), then: `java -jar application.jar`. On some systems, double-clicking a JAR runs it. If nothing happens, the JAR may be a library (not executable) or Java isn't configured as the default handler.
Can I open a JAR file to see what's inside?
Yes — rename .jar to .zip and extract with any archive tool, or use `jar tf file.jar` to list contents. JARs are standard ZIP archives with a specific internal structure.
Related formats