.ifc

What is a .ifc file?

The open standard for BIM — architecture and construction data.

Safe format
Type Cad
By buildingSMART International
MIME application/x-step

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What is it

IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is an open, vendor-neutral data format for Building Information Modelling (BIM). When architects, structural engineers, and MEP contractors need to share building data without locking into a single vendor's ecosystem, IFC is the format they reach for — or are contractually required to use.

The format uses ISO 10303-21 (STEP) encoding to represent building elements: walls, doors, windows, slabs, beams, columns, HVAC ducts, pipes, electrical circuits, and their spatial relationships. Every element carries semantic meaning — an IFC wall isn't just geometry, it knows it's a wall, what materials it's made of, its fire rating, and which spaces it bounds. The schema (IFC4 / IFC4x3) is enormous, covering everything from structural analysis results to construction scheduling.

IFC is mandated by government BIM requirements in many countries (UK, Germany, Singapore, Norway). It's the antidote to vendor lock-in in an industry where switching your CAD platform means retraining hundreds of people. The format isn't perfect — round-tripping between IFC and native BIM tools often loses parametric relationships — but it's the only truly open option for cross-disciplinary building data exchange.

Technical details
Full Name
Industry Foundation Classes
MIME Type
application/x-step
Developer
buildingSMART International
Magic Bytes
49 53 4F 2D (ISO-)
Safety
.ifc is a known, safe format.
What opens it
BIM Vision
FREE Windows
xBIM Xplorer
FREE Windows
Revit
Subscription Windows
ArchiCAD
License Win / Mac
FAQ
What is BIM?
Building Information Modelling — a process where a 3D model of a building carries rich data about materials, costs, scheduling, and performance, not just geometry. IFC is the open format for exchanging BIM data.
Can I view IFC files for free?
Yes — BIM Vision and xBIM Xplorer are free viewers for Windows. Online viewers like Autodesk Viewer also support IFC.
Why is IFC important?
It prevents vendor lock-in. Without IFC, everyone on a construction project would need the same (expensive) software. Many governments now mandate IFC for public building projects.
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