.hdr

What is a .hdr file?

HDR (Radiance RGBE) is a high dynamic range image format used for environment maps and lighting in 3D rendering.

Safe format
Type Image
By Greg Ward (Radiance)
MIME image/vnd.radiance

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What is it

Radiance HDR is the original high dynamic range image format, created by Greg Ward for his Radiance lighting simulation software in the late 1980s. It uses a clever 32-bit RGBE encoding — three 8-bit mantissa values plus a shared 8-bit exponent — to represent a wide dynamic range in a compact format. It's less precise than OpenEXR but came decades earlier.

The format's primary use today is environment maps for 3D rendering and game development. Those panoramic "light probe" images that surround a 3D scene and provide realistic reflections and lighting? They're often HDR files. The wide dynamic range captures both the dim interior and the bright sky in a single image, allowing the renderer to calculate realistic lighting.

Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, and most 3D tools read HDR environment maps natively. Photoshop opens them (with tone mapping). For viewing, any HDR-aware image viewer works. The format is niche but essential in its domain — if you work with 3D lighting, you've used HDR files even if you didn't notice the extension.

Technical details
Full Name
Radiance HDR Image
MIME Type
image/vnd.radiance
Developer
Greg Ward (Radiance)
Magic Bytes
23 3F 52 41 44 49 41 4E 43 45
Safety
.hdr is a known, safe format. Image data only. No executable content.
What opens it
Blender
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
Photoshop
$22.99/mo Windows / Mac
GIMP
FREE Windows / Mac / Linux
FAQ
What's the difference between HDR and EXR?
Both store high dynamic range images. HDR (Radiance RGBE) uses 32-bit shared-exponent encoding — compact but less precise. EXR uses full 16 or 32-bit floating-point per channel — more precise and more widely used in professional VFX.
What are HDR files used for?
Primarily environment maps for 3D rendering — panoramic images that provide lighting and reflections in 3D scenes. Also used in lighting simulation, architectural visualisation, and game development.
Related formats