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EMF is Windows' built-in vector graphics format. When you copy a chart from Excel and paste it into Word, the clipboard often carries an EMF representation. When Windows sends graphics to a printer, EMF is the spool format. It's everywhere in the Windows ecosystem, quietly handling vector graphics without anyone thinking about it.
The format stores a sequence of GDI (Graphics Device Interface) drawing commands — lines, curves, fills, text, bitmaps — that can be replayed at any resolution. This makes it resolution-independent like SVG, but tied to the Windows graphics model. EMF supports the full range of Windows drawing operations, including clipping, transformations, and complex path operations.
Outside Windows, EMF support is spotty. LibreOffice handles it reasonably well. Inkscape can import EMF and convert to SVG. On Mac, most EMF files in Office documents display correctly because Office handles the conversion internally. For cross-platform use, convert to SVG (for vector fidelity) or PNG (for guaranteed display).