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You're installing software on Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Debian, Pop!_OS, or any Debian-based Linux distribution. The package format is .deb — a structured archive containing compiled software, configuration files, installation scripts, and dependency metadata that tells the package manager what else needs to be installed.
A .deb file is actually an ar archive containing three parts: debian-binary (format version), control.tar (metadata and scripts), and data.tar (the actual files to install). The APT package manager and dpkg handle .deb files — APT resolves dependencies automatically (downloading required packages), while dpkg handles the low-level installation. This dependency resolution is why `apt install` is preferred over manually downloading .deb files.
Install with `sudo dpkg -i package.deb` (may leave unresolved dependencies) or `sudo apt install ./package.deb` (resolves dependencies automatically). GDebi (GUI tool) provides a graphical installer with dependency resolution. Only install .deb files from trusted repositories — they execute installation scripts with root privileges.