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The .cfg extension is a catch-all for configuration files. There's no formal specification — different applications use different syntaxes, from simple `key=value` pairs to INI-style sections to custom formats. The only reliable thing about a .cfg file is that it's plain text and contains settings.
You'll find .cfg files in game configurations (many PC games store settings in .cfg), application preferences, build system configs, and server configurations. Source engine games (Counter-Strike, Half-Life) use .cfg files for binds and settings. Python's configparser module expects INI-style .cfg files. Buildroot and other embedded Linux tools use their own .cfg dialects.
Open any .cfg file in a text editor — they're always plain text. VS Code provides syntax highlighting for common cfg formats. Modifying cfg files is usually safe (the application reads them on startup), but keep a backup before changing anything. One wrong value can prevent an application from starting.