.7z

What is a .7z file?

7Z is a high-compression archive format using LZMA2 — smaller files than ZIP or RAR, but requires third-party software to open.

Use caution
Type Archive
By Igor Pavlov
MIME application/x-7z-compressed

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What is it

Someone sent you a .7z file and your computer doesn't know what to do with it. Neither Windows nor macOS includes 7Z support out of the box, which is the format's main limitation and the reason most people use ZIP instead. But if you need the smallest possible archive, 7Z wins.

7Z uses the LZMA2 algorithm, which achieves noticeably better compression ratios than ZIP's Deflate or RAR's proprietary method — files come out smaller, sometimes significantly so. It supports AES-256 encryption (stronger than ZIP's default) and solid compression (treating multiple files as a single data stream for even better ratios). The format is open-source and maintained by Igor Pavlov, the same developer behind the 7-Zip application.

7-Zip (free, open-source, Windows) is the definitive tool for creating and opening 7Z archives. PeaZip (free, all platforms) also handles them. The Unarchiver (free, macOS) opens 7Z files for extraction. For sharing archives with others, use ZIP — it's universally compatible. For archiving files where size matters more than convenience, 7Z is the better compressor.

Technical details
Full Name
7-Zip Archive
MIME Type
application/x-7z-compressed
Developer
Igor Pavlov
Magic Bytes
37 7A BC AF 27 1C
Safety
.7z requires caution. Archive files from unknown sources may contain malware. Scan contents before extracting.
What opens it
7-Zip
FREE Windows
The Unarchiver
FREE macOS
PeaZip
FREE All
FAQ
What's the difference between 7Z and ZIP?
7Z compresses smaller (often 10-30% better) but is not natively supported by Windows or macOS. ZIP works everywhere without extra software. Use ZIP for sharing, 7Z for archiving when size matters.
How do I open a 7Z file?
On Windows, install 7-Zip (free). On macOS, use The Unarchiver (free, from the App Store). On Linux, most file managers handle 7Z out of the box.
Is 7Z safe?
The format itself is safe. Like any archive, the contents could be malicious — scan extracted files with antivirus. The encryption (AES-256) is actually stronger than ZIP's built-in encryption.
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